Guhera ku ya 1 Mata, igabanyirizwa ry'umusoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ryaIbikoresho by'ikirahure byo mu Bushinwabyakuweho burundu. Ibi bikubiyemo ibirahure n'ibicuruzwa byose nk'uko bivugwa mu Gice cya 70 cy'umusoro ku misoro ya gasutamo, harimo ibirahure bikoreshwa buri munsi, ibirahure by'ubwubatsi, ibipfunyika mu birahure, insinga z'ibirahure, nibindi. Igipimo cy'imisoro cya mbere cya 9% - 13% cyashyizwe kuri zeru. Nta gihe cy'inzibacyuho gihari kandi nta rutonde rw'ibidasanzwe ruhari. Uru ni urundi rwego rusanzwe rukora ibicuruzwa binini byoherezwa mu mahanga rwagize "igabanuka ry'inkunga" nyuma y'ingufu z'izuba n'ibikomoka kuri ceramic. Bizagira ingaruka zikomeye mu gihe gito kandi bihindure imiterere y'igihe kirekire.
Ingaruka mbi:
Izamuka ry'ibiciro byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga rigaragaza inyungu z'ibigo
Abashoramari b'ibirahuri, bamaze igihe kinini bashingiye ku nyungu z'ibiciro, bahuye n'ingaruka zitaziguye. Igereranya ry'inganda rigaragaza ko kugabanya imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bingana no kwiyongera ku kigero cya 9% kw'ibiciro byoherezwa mu mahanga.–13%. Inganda nyinshi nto n’iziciriritse zikora ibirahuri, inyungu zazo zoherezwa mu mahanga zari hagati ya 5% na 8%, ubu zihura n’igihombo kinini cyangwa ibikorwa bitabyara inyungu nyuma y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki.
Ibigo byo mu turere dukomeye dukora ibirahuri nka Zhejiang, Shandong, na Guangdong bivuga ko ibiciro bishya byagombaga kongerwaho 8%–12%, bigatuma abakiriya bo mu mahanga bagabanuka. Bamwe mu bakiriya b'igihe kirekire bagabanya ibiciro, bagabanya ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa cyangwa bahindura ibyo batumiza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibyo batumizaga ibicuruzwa bishya byoherezwa mu mahanga byagabanutseho 20%–30% buri mwaka. Uku niko ibintu bimeze kuriuruganda rw'ikirahure ubu ngubu.
Ibyiza:
1. Ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse biri mu gitutu; ubwiyongere bw'inganda buriyongera
Abahanga mu nganda bavuga ko ibigo binini, biyungukira ku bunini, ikoranabuhanga, n'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhanahana amakuru, bishobora gukomeza kwigarurira igice cy'ibiciro byiyongereye binyuze mu kunoza imikorere y'imbere mu gihugu, kuzamura ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa, no gukwirakwiza isoko. Ariko, ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse by'ibirahuri—bingana na 70% by'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byose—Bifite imbogamizi nyinshi zirimo igihombo mu byo gutumiza, amafaranga yinjira make, ndetse no guhagarika cyangwa kugabanya umusaruro. Bamwe muri bo bamaze guhatirwa kugabanya ubushobozi bw'ibicuruzwa cyangwa guhagarika ibikorwa byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.
2. Iki kibazo gitera impinduka mu nganda, kigatanga inyungu ku iterambere ry’igihe kirekire ry’ubuziranenge
Nubwo hari ikibazo cy’igihe gito, impuguke mu nganda muri rusange zemeranya ko gukuraho imisoro bizihutisha gukuraho ubushobozi budashaje no kugabanya ipiganwa ku giciro gito, bigatera amasosiyete guhindura intego kuva ku “ntambara z’ibiciro” bakajya ku “ikoranabuhanga, ireme, n’ikirango.” Mu gihe kizaza, amasosiyete afite ibicuruzwa byo ku rwego rwo hejuru, ubushobozi bwo gukora ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ryigenga, kubahiriza ibidukikije, n’inzira zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu mahanga byitezwe ko azabona amahirwe menshi yo gukura, bishobora kongera umubare w’inganda muri rusange.
Muri iki gihe, amashyirahamwe y’inganda arimo gukora ubushakashatsi ku bibazo by’ibigo kandi asaba ko hashyirwaho ingamba zo gushyigikira mu byiciro bitandukanye—harimo inkunga y'amafaranga, inkunga y'inkunga, n'ubwishingizi bw'inguzanyo zoherezwa mu mahanga—gufasha amasosiyete guhinduka neza no guteza imbere Ubushinwa hamwe'inganda z'ibirahuri kuva ku "ruganda rutwara ibicuruzwa byinshi" kugera ku "ruganda rukora ibikoresho."
3. Ishingiro ry'iyi politiki: Ntabwo ari uguhagarika ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, ahubwo ni "guhatira ibyiza kuba byiza kurushaho"
Icyerekezo cya politiki cyemewe kirasobanutse neza: inkunga ntizongera gutangwa ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bifite agaciro gake, bikoresha ingufu nyinshi, kandi bihumanya ikirere ku giciro gito. Intego ni izi zikurikira:
- Kugabanya ubushobozi burenze urugero no kugabanya ipiganwa rikabije ku masoko yo hasi;
- Guteza imbere kuvugurura ibicuruzwa no kubihindura ugana ku birahuri byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ibirahuri bizigama ingufu, n'ibirahuri byihariye;
- Kubahiriza amategeko y'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga no kugabanya amakimbirane ku "byoherezwa mu mahanga biterwa inkunga."
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-25-2026
