Mu mpinduka ikomeye ya politiki yatumye habaho ihungabana mu rwego rw’inganda z’ibirahuri mu Bushinwa, guverinoma y’Ubushinwa yagabanyije igabanywa rya TVA ku bicuruzwa byose by’ibirahuri rigera kuri 0%, guhera ku ya 1 Mata 2026. Gukuraho igabanywa ry’ibiciro mu buryo butunguranye—ryari riri hagati ya 9% na 13%—byagabanyije cyane ipiganwa ry’ibiciro ry’abacuruzi b’ibirahuri bo mu Bushinwa, bitera ihungabana rikomeye ku musaruro, inyungu, n’imigendekere y’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa ku isi hose mu nganda.
Amavu n'amavuko ya Politiki n'ibisobanuro birambuye
Ku ya 8 Mutarama 2026, Minisiteri y'Imari n'Ikigo cy'Imisoro cya Leta bashyize ahagaragara Itangazo No 2026-2, rikuraho igabanyirizwa ry'imisoro ku bicuruzwa 249 byoherezwa mu mahanga, hamwe n'ibicuruzwa by'ibirahuri birimo cyane. Iyi politiki ikubiyemo ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa by'ibirahuri, harimo:
- Ikirahure gifunze, ikirahure gishyushye, ikirahure gikozwe muri laminate, n'ikirahure gikingira ubushyuhe
- Ibikoresho by'ikirahure (amacupa, amacupa, ibinini) n'ibikoresho byo ku meza (ibikoresho by'ikirahure, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni)
- Ibirahure by'indorerwamo, ibirahure byo muri laboratwari, n'ibicuruzwa bya fibre y'ikirahure
- Ikirahure cy'imitako, indorerwamo, n'ibice byihariye by'ikirahure
Iri vugurura ryatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku ya 1 Mata 2026, nta gihe cy'inzibacyuho kirimo. Ibicuruzwa byatangajwe ko byoherezwa mu mahanga ku itariki cyangwa nyuma yayo nta musoro byishyurwa, mu gihe mbere ya tariki ya 1 Mata byoherejwe mu mahanga bigifite uburenganzira bwo kugabanyirizwa imisoro. Ibi ni ubwa mbere bikuraho burundu igabanyirizwa ry'ibiciro byoherezwa mu mahanga ku nganda z'ibirahuri zo mu Bushinwa, urwego rwamaze igihe kinini rwishingikiriza kuri izo mpamvu kugira ngo rukomeze guhangana ku biciro ku isi. Ni imbogamizi ikomeye ku bacuruza ibipfundikizo by'ibirahuri.
Ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda z'ibirahuri mu Bushinwa
Ingaruka zihuse kandi zikomeye zo kugabanya igabanywa ry’ibiciro byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda zikora ibirahuri, cyane cyane ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse (SMEs) byishingikiriza ku masoko yohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.
1. Ibiciro byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu kirere no kugabanuka kw'inyungu
Kubera ko igabanyirizwa ry’ibiciro rikuweho, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bahura n’izamuka rya 9-13% ry’ibiciro by’ibikorwa mu ijoro rimwe. Ku nganda zisanzwe zihanganye n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo, ingufu, n’abakozi, ibi byagabanyije inyungu—inganda nyinshi nto n’iziciriritse ubu zikora ku giciro gito cyangwa igihombo ku byo zatumije. Inganda nini nka Fuyao Glass, nazo zaburiye inyungu nke n’izamuka ry’ibiciro ku baguzi ku isi.
2. Guhagarika amadosiye n'ingaruka z'imigabane ku isoko mpuzamahanga
Ibicuruzwa by'ibirahuri byo mu Bushinwa, byahoze bizwiho kugabanyirizwa agaciro, byatakaje ibiciro byabyo. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga—bahura n'ibiciro biri hejuru—bari kuvugurura ibiciro, bakagabanya ingano y'ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa, cyangwa bakajya ku bindi bicuruzwa mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, i Burayi, cyangwa Amerika ya Ruguru. Raporo z'inganda zigaragaza ko ibicuruzwa bishya bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byagabanutseho 20–30% kuva ku ya 1 Mata 2026, aho ibikoresho byo ku meza n'ibirahuri byo mu macupa byangiritse cyane.
3. Kugabanya umusaruro no kwangirika kw'imikorere
Kugira ngo bagabanye igihombo, inganda amagana z’ibirahuri—cyane cyane mu bigo binini bitunganya ibirahuri nka Zhejiang, Shandong, na Guangdong—zagabanyije umusaruro, zahagaritse imirimo yazo, cyangwa zifunga by’agateganyo inyubako. Uru ruganda, rukoresha abakozi barenga miliyoni 5, ubu rufite ibyago byo kwiyongera by’ubushomeri ndetse n’imbogamizi ku mikorere y’ibirahuri ku bakiriya mpuzamahanga batungwa n’ibirahuri byo mu Bushinwa.
4. Imbogamizi mu miterere y'ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse
Inganda nto n'iziciriritse, zigize 70% by'ingano y'ibirahuri byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa, nta buhanga bwo guhangana n'ibibazo by'imari nk'ubw'ibigo binini. Inyinshi muri zo ntizishobora kwihanganira izamuka ry'ibiciro cyangwa kubiha abaguzi, bigatuma habaho ukwiyongera kw'ifungwa ry'ibigo no guhomba kw'ibigo. Iyi politiki yongereye amacakubiri mu nganda, ituma inganda zigira ubushakashatsi n'iterambere rikomeye, imbaraga z'ikirango, ndetse n'isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu.
Impamvu za politiki ya Guverinoma
Ubuyobozi buvuga ko gukuraho igabanyirizwa ry’ibiciro ari ingamba zo kuvugurura inganda, atari ingamba zo kugabanya ikiguzi gusa. Intego z'ingenzi zirimo:
- Guca intege amarushanwa y’agaciro gake kandi ashingiye ku giciro gito no gusunika amasosiyete ku bicuruzwa by’ibirahuri byiza kandi bigezweho (urugero: ibirahuri byo kwerekana bito cyane, ibirahuri bikingira amashanyarazi bidakoresha ingufu nyinshi)
- Kugabanya ubushobozi burenze urugero mu ishami risanzwe ry’ibirahuri, ryamaze igihe kinini rihura n’ibibazo by’ibiciro n’ibiciro bikabije.
- Guhuza politiki y'ubucuruzi y'Ubushinwa n'amahame mpuzamahanga y'ubucuruzi buboneye, gukemura ibibazo bimaze igihe kinini ku bijyanye n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga biterwa inkunga
Nubwo guverinoma ishimangira iterambere ry’inganda mu gihe kirekire, akababaro k’igihe gito ku bacuruzi bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ntigashidikanywaho, benshi bavuga ko politiki yashyizweho mu buryo butunguranye cyane hatabayeho uburyo buhagije bwo kuyishyigikira.
Ingamba zo Gukemura Ibibazo by'Inganda n'Impinduka mu Mikorere
Bahanganye n'ibibazo by'ubuzima, abakora ibirahuri bo mu Bushinwa barimo gufata ingamba zihutirwa kandi z'igihe kirekire zo guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere:
- Guhindura Ibiciro n'Ibiganiro ku Bakiriya: Abashoramari benshi bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bazamuye ibiciro ku kigero cya 8–12% kugira ngo bahuze n'igabanyirizwa ry'ibiciro ryatakaye, hamwe n'intsinzi mu kugumana abakiriya bo mu mahanga.
- Kunoza Ibiciro: Inganda zirimo kugabanya amafaranga akoreshwa atari ngombwa, zikongera imikorere myiza mu musaruro, kandi zikumvikana neza n’abatanga ibikoresho fatizo.
- Guhindura Isoko: Ibigo birimo kwibanda ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu n’amasoko ari kuzamuka (urugero, Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati, Amerika y’Epfo) kugira ngo bigabanye kwishingikiriza ku masoko gakondo yo mu Burengerazuba bw’isi.
- Kuvugurura Ibicuruzwa: Ishoramari mu birahuri birambye kandi bifite agaciro kanini (urugero: ikirahuri cyasubiwemo, ikirahuri gigezweho) riri kwihuta kugira ngo rikurure abaguzi bahenze kandi rigaragaze ko ibiciro biri hejuru.
- Ubuvugizi bwa Politiki: Amashyirahamwe y’inganda arimo gukora ubuvugizi kuri leta kugira ngo ihabwe inkunga yihariye, nko kugabanya imisoro ku bushakashatsi no guteza imbere imishinga cyangwa inguzanyo z’inyungu ntoya ku bigo bito n’ibiciriritse.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-25-2026
